Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC), Japan
The Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) is Japan’s largest rocket launch complex, covering approximately 9.7 million square meters (2,400 acres). It is located on the south-eastern tip of Tanegashima Island, about 40 km (25 miles) south of Kyushu.
Construction of the site began in 1966, and it was officially established in 1969 with the formation of the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). Today, it is operated by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), and the spacecraft launches are conducted by MHI Launch Services.
TNSC is responsible for a range of space activities, including:
- Rocket assembly and testing.
- Satellite launches and tracking.
- Rocket engine firing tests.
Facilities at Tanegashima Space Center
TNSC is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities for rocket assembly, maintenance, inspections, and launches. Its key facilities include:
- Yoshinobu Launch Complex (Active)
This complex is the primary launch site at TNSC, featuring two launch pads:
- LA-Y1:Used for H-II and H-IIA rocket launches.
- LA-Y2:Used for H-IIB and H-3 rocket launches.
The Yoshinobu Firing Test Stand is also located here, where the LE-7A engine (used in H-IIA rockets) undergoes test firings.
- Osaki Launch Complex (Retired in 1992)
Previously used for the N-I, N-II, H-I, and J-I rockets, this site is no longer operational.
- Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB)
This facility is used for assembling launch vehicles before they are transported to the launch pad.
- Second Spacecraft Test and Assembly Building
Dedicated to final satellite integration and testing before launch.
- Takesaki Range Control Center
Serves as the mission control center, overseeing rocket launches and vehicle tracking after liftoff.
Additional Facilities
- Radar and Optical Tracking Systems:Used for monitoring spacecraft post-launch.
- Space Science and Technology Museum:Located near TNSC, this museum offers insights into Japan’s rocket history and technology.
Significance of TNSC
TNSC plays a crucial role in Japan’s space development, handling the assembly, testing, launching, and tracking of satellites. With modern infrastructure and advanced tracking systems, it remains Japan’s leading space launch site.