INSAT-2D: Indian Communications Satellite Launched in 1997

INSAT-2D was a geostationary communications satellite launched by India on June 4, 1997, as part of the INSAT-2 (Indian National Satellite System) series. It was the fourth communications satellite in the INSAT-2 lineup, developed to enhance India’s national telecommunication, broadcasting, and mobile communication services.

The satellite was launched aboard an Ariane 4 rocket from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana and was positioned at 93.5° East in geostationary orbit.

Mission Purpose and Payload

The primary goal of INSAT-2D was to improve communication infrastructure across India, with a focus on:

• Telecommunications

• Direct-to-home broadcasting (DTH)

• Mobile satellite services

INSAT-2D was equipped with a powerful communication payload that included:

• 16 Extended C-band transponders for fixed satellite services (FSS)

• 2 High-power C-band transponders for broadcasting satellite services (BSS)

• 1 S-band transponder for BSS

• 1 C/S-band mobile communications transponder

• 3 Ku-band transponders

Satellite Specifications

• Launch Mass: 2,079 kg (4,583 lbs)

• Dry Mass: 995 kg (2,194 lbs)

• Power Generation: 1,650 watts

• Expected Lifespan: 7 to 9 years

Operational History and Replacement

Shortly after its successful deployment, INSAT-2D experienced a critical power system failure on October 4, 1997, rendering the satellite non-operational within just four months. To maintain service continuity, INSAT-2DT—a satellite acquired from ARABSAT and formerly known as ARABSAT-1C—was positioned as a replacement.